Make Your Own Flash Paper (Nitrocellulose)

Make Your Own Flash Paper (Nitrocellulose) If youre a chemistry enthusiast with an interest in fire or history (or both), you probably ought to know how to make your own nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose is also known as guncotton or flashpaper, depending on its intended purpose. Magicians and illusionists use flash paper for a fire special effect. The exact same material is called guncotton and may be used as a propellant for firearms and rockets. Nitrocellulose was used as a film base for movies and x-rays. It may be mixed with acetone to make nitrocellulose lacquer, which was used on automobiles, aircraft, and musical instruments. One unsuccessful use of nitrocellulose was to make faux ivory billiard balls. The camphored nitrocellulose (celluloid) balls would sometimes explode upon impact, producing a sound much like that of a gunshot. As you might imagine, this didnt go over well in gunslinger saloons with pool tables. Its unlikely you will want to make your own exploding billiard balls, but you might want to try nitrocellulose as a model rocket propellant, as flash paper, or as a lacquer base. Nitrocellulose is extremely easy to make, but be sure to read through the instructions carefully before proceeding. As far as safety goes: Any protocol which involves strong acids should be performed by qualified persons wearing proper safety gear. Nitrocellulose cannot be stored for long periods of time, as it gradually decomposes into a flammable powder or goo (which is why many old films have not survived to the present day). Nitrocellulose has a low autoignition temperature, so keep it away from heat or flame (until you are ready to activate it). It does not require oxygen to burn, so once it ignites you cannot put out the fire with water. With all that in mind, heres how you make it. Key Takeaways: Make Nitrocellulose or Flash Paper Nitrocellulose is a highly flammable polymer. It is also known as flash paper, guncotton, or flash string.All you need to do to make nitrocellulose is treat cellulose with nitric acid or any other strong nitrating agent. The cellulose can come from paper, cotton, wood, or other plant matter.Nitrocellulose was first made by Alexander Parkes in 1862. This was the first man-made plastic, which was named Parkesine.While useful as a plastic, nitrocellulose is equally popular for its flammability. Flash paper burns almost instantaneously and leaves no ash residue. Nitrocellulose Materials Christian Friedrich Schà ¶nbeins procedure has been widely used. It calls for 1 part cotton to 15 parts acid. concentrated nitric acidconcentrated sulfuric acidcotton balls (almost pure cellulose) Nitrocellulose Preparation Chill the acids below 0 °C.In a fume hood, mix equal parts nitric and sulfuric acid in a beaker.Drop cotton balls into the acid. You can tamp them down using a glass stirring rod. Dont use metal.Allow the nitration reaction to proceed for about 15 minutes (Schà ¶nbeins time was 2 minutes), then run cold tap water into the beaker to dilute the acid. Allow the water to run for a while.Turn off the water and add a bit of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to the beaker. The sodium bicarbonate will bubble as it neutralizes the acid.Using a glass rod or gloved finger, swirl around the cotton and add more sodium bicarbonate. You can rinse with more water. Continue adding sodium bicarbonate and washing the nitrated cotton until bubbling is no longer observed. Careful removal of the acid will greatly enhance the stability of the nitrocellulose.Rinse the nitrated cellulose with tap water and allow it to dry in a cool location. Shreds of nitrocellulose will burst into flame if exposed to the heat of a burner or a match. It doesnt take much (either heat or nitrocellulose), so dont get carried away! If you want actual flash paper, you can nitrate ordinary paper (which is primarily cellulose) in the same manner as cotton. Chemistry of Making Nitrocellulose Nitrating cellulose proceeds as nitric acid and cellulose react to produce cellulose nitrate and water. 3HNO3 C6H10O5 → C6H7(NO2)3O5 3H2O Sulfuric acid is not required to nitrate the cellulose, but it acts as a catalyst to produce the nitronium ion, NO2. The first order reaction proceeds via electrophilic substitution at the C-OH centers of the cellulose molecules.

ESL Conversation Lesson Plan on Creating a New Society

ESL Conversation Lesson Plan on Creating a New Society This classic conversation lesson plan is based on the idea of creating a new society. Students must decide which laws will be followed and how many freedoms will be allowed. This lesson works well for ESL students of most levels (except beginners) because the subject brings out many strong opinions. Aim: Building conversation skills, expressing opinionsActivity: Group activity deciding on the laws for a new societyLevel: ​Pre-intermediate to advanced Lesson Plan Outline Help activate vocabulary by asking students which laws they admire most and least in their own country - and why.Divide students into groups of 4 to 6. Try to include as many different personalities as possible in each group (to provide for more stimulating discussion!).Explain the following situation to the class: A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation. This area will include an invited international community of 20,000 men and women. Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country.Distribute the worksheet and ask students to discuss the questions.Answer the worksheet as a class - ask the opinions of each group and leave ample time for discussion of differing opinions.As a follow-up activity, the class could discuss which laws and customs they would like to change in their own country. Scenario and Accompanying Questions Populate Ideal Land A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation. This area will include an invited international community of 20,000 men and women. Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country. Questions to Ask Which political system will the country have?What will the official language(s) be?Will there be censorship?What industries will your country try to develop?Will citizens be allowed to carry a gun?Will there be the death penalty?Will there be a state religion?What kind of immigration policy will there be?What will the educational system be like? Will there be compulsory education to a certain age?Who will be allowed to marry?

Health Care Bill and Impact on the Community Essay

Health Care Bill and Impact on the Community - Essay Example Health care policy is challenging and dynamic in nature with tremendous changes taking place since the beginning of the 21st century to address increased disparities in health care, escalating costs of health care, changing population, advancement in medical technology, inequalities in health care access, and public and private health care financing growth. In terms of policy-making, nurses and other members of the health care team are mistakenly viewed as not having the necessary knowledge and skills required in the legislative arena; contrary, nurses and other members of the health care team act an advocacy role in policies, laws, or regulations governing the larger health care system (Abood, 2007, 1). Nurses are the first to see the impact of a certain policy to meeting the needs of the patients. If nurses have the advocacy role, the House of Representatives and the Senate House act the legislative roles and are responsible for the propositions of bills or acts concerning health c are. One of the examples of current bill in the U.S. health care system is the H.R.2 Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act. This will be discussed in detail in the next section. In addition, the paper will also discuss the interest groups for/against the bill, the potential impact in the community and who will be affected, and the personal opinion of the author on the bill. H.R.2 Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act The H.R.2 Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act was read on the second time and placed on the calendar of the 112th Congress of the Senate of the United States on January 26, 2011. This act aims to repeal the job-killing health care law and health care-related provisions in the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 under the Sec.2. (a) of the bill which states that â€Å"Effective as of the enactment of Public Law 111–148, such Act is repealed, and the provisions of law amended or repealed by such Act are restored or revive d as if such Act had not been enacted† (The Library of Congress, 2012, 1). The Obamacare or the Health Care Bill of Obama administration is viewed by many as a job-killing bill; meaning, a reduction in health care costs and improvement in health accessibility would result in significant job losses in the U.S. economy. On the other note, repealing the bill would mean loss of benefits of some Americans including insurance reforms that allow parents to keep children on their plans until the age of 26 and prohibition of insurers from imposing lifetime limits on coverage. The introduction of the bill to the House of Representatives received a number of support and protests. Interest groups supporting the repealing of the health care bill include the Republican Congress, economists, financial groups, and employers. Repealing the health care bill supporters claimed that the health care bill will transfer one-sixth of the U.S. economy into the hands of the politicians and agency burea ucrats and that the health care bill have done little to address the problems. Worst, the health care b

The Automotive Industry in the 21st Century Essay

The Automotive Industry in the 21st Century - Essay Example This industry is of great economic meaning to various countries that have exploited it largely for trade and employment creation. It is also evident that the industry has largely experienced change and improvement in technology, though to a limited extent. The case note from European Case Clearing House (ECCH) on the automobile industry covers the social and political significance of the automobile industry within the first ten years of the 21st century. It gives information on the challenges faced by the industry in the constant profit making process at each stage. It also gives details on the value chain involved in the industry. Challenges in the introduction and effects of new technology are also given a wide view, including the rigidity in the application and use of particular raw materials. The competition in the industry has been on with different innovations emerging, as a result. More improvements have been seen, which has brought a variety of commodities for consumers to choose from. The major players in the field include the general motors’ company of the United States, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan, Hyundai motors of South Korea, Renault of France among others. Background Background The development automobile traces its origin late in the twentieth century. Entrepreneurs and engineers dealing in machinery in Europe and the US geared its progress. The countries included Germany producing their first car, France, United States and Japan, which also made their first cars between 1890 and 1914. 1) Scale and economic importance of the industry The industry scale is one that can be termed as large in a general view. This is because it ranges from large-scale manufacture of cars and car parts widely spread in renowned nations such as China, Japan, USA, Germany, UK, among others. It is global since the trade barriers reduction has encouraged wide investments in the emerging markets (Mitchell, Borroni-Bird & Burns, 2007). Most manufacturers export their automobile products and some kept for their domestic markets. There is various economic importance of the industry being exhibited worldwide. To begin with, it provides market for fuel producing industries. Al l automobiles require fuel or energy to propel them. Petroleum is the most widely used fuel by most automobiles. Petroleum refining industries, therefore, market their products to the automobile users. Refined steel has been used constantly used in the bodybuilding, as explained by Constable and Procter (2007). Another sector that has developed is employment creation. For instance, in Germany, the sector provides for not less than 14 percent of people employed in the manufacturing. The world has, to a significant extent, experienced unemployment problems in the 21st century; motor vehicle industry has helped curb the problem through employing engineers, entrepreneurs, and managers, sales personnel among other professionals on permanent and casual basis. The industry is a major source of income. Innovation in the automobile industry has led to an increase in flexibility and mobility of cash inflow to the various countries that deal in the industry. Marketing of the products and their spare parts locally and abroad generates cash. It can be noted that the industry is a major global driver of growth. 2) The static technology of the industry and factors that make it difficult for the industry to change to technology Technological innovations in the automobile sector has been rather static due to various factors including safety, risk of job loss, and

a world lit only by fire Essay -- essays research papers

Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus. She had two brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles, and a sister Ismene. Oedipus had been the King of Thebes. However, he had killed his father and married his mother not knowing they were his parents. Oedipus was disgraced and had left the kingdom. His two sons were too young to rule, so Creon, their uncle served as ruler of Thebes. When Polyneices and Eteocles grew older they allowed their Uncle Creon to continue to rule because of the dishonor, which had been caused by their father. In time, each of the brothers wanted to rule Thebes. Arguments ensued. Polyneices felt he should be the ruler because he was the eldest. Eteocles, also wanted to rule, but was forced to leave Thebes by his brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Polyneices went to Argo and recruited an army against his brother and Thebes. During the battle Polyneices and Eteocles killed each other committing the sin of fratricide. After the death of their brothers, Antigone and Ismene were the only remaining members of the royal Oedipus family. Antigone was to marry Haemon, Creon’s son thus uniting both royal families. Creon gave Eteocles a hero’s funeral because he fought for Thebes. Polyneices was not to be given a proper funeral but left out in the open for animals to eat and carry off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antigone felt she and Ismene had an obligation to bury Polyneices, as there were no longer any males alive in the family. ...

Catalase Formal Lab Report

You were to analyze a variety of tests including analyzing a glucose solution for the presence of simple reducing sugars, analyzing a sample of vegetable oil for the presence of lipids, analyzing a ample of gelatin for the presence of protein, and analyzing an unknown sample to determine the presence of starch, simple reducing sugars, lipids, and proteins through chemical tests. (Packet, Grafton 2014) Background: Molecules are two or more atoms bonded together to make one system. Most of the common molecules In living organisms fit In four classes of carbon contacting molecules, which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Carbohydrates occur In foods and living tissues, and contain hydrogen and oxygen with the same ratio as water. The ratio 1 . Lipids are basically fats. They are unable to be dissolved in water or any liquid but can dissolve in organic solvents. The configuration of cells are composed of a variety of chemical molecules. Cell metabolism involved the c onstruction and obliteration of numerous diverse sorts of molecules. (Packet, Grafton 2014) Proteins are highly varied organic molecules establishing a large percentage of the mass of every organism.Proteins are an essential nutrient in the diet of animals and other non-photosynthesis organisms. Lastly, nucleic acids are long macromolecules, can be DNA or various types of RNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and they transfer genetic information. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and it Is complimentary to the DNA strand. RNA Is almost Identical to DNA except for the replacement of the sugar ribose for didgeridoos. (Unknown Author, Dictionary. Com 2014) Hypothesis: Hypothesis A: If you add iodine to the soluble starch, then it will turn a different color than the rest because a starch is present.Hypothesis B: If you boil the soluble starch with Benedicts solution in it, then it will turn a different color because the simple reducing sugars are present. Hypothesis C: If you drop water and corn oil on brown litmus paper, then the water will semi-transparent and the corn oil will not because the corn oil is a thicker substance. Hypothesis D: If you have ethanol in one test tube and water in another, and you add oil to each, then the oil will be solvent In the ethanol but not In the water.Hypothesis E: If you have three test tubes with gelatin In one, glucose solution in another, and water In the third, and you add Blurred reagent Into each, then the gelatin will change color. Hypothesis Fl : If you add Benedicts solution to the urine sample and boll It, then It will change color, indicating that glucose is present. Hypothesis IF: If you add iodine to the urine you add Beirut's solution to the patient's urine sample, then it will change color, meaning a protein, or child, is present.Hypothesis IF: If you put a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown sample and another drop of water to compare, then both will be semi-transparent because no kidney sto nes will be present. Procedures: For the first test, start by getting three test tubes and label 1, 2, and 3. Add twenty drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to tube two, ND twenty drops of distilled water to tube three. After this, record the colors in Table one. Next, add iodine solution to each test tube and record the color from the end result, and add the iodine solution in Table 1.Rinse the remains of the test tubes down the sink, and use the test tube brush, soap, and water to clean them. Dry them and put them into the test tube bin. The next test is started by heating the water bath to boiling and getting three test tubes labeled 1, 2, and 3. Add twenty drops of soluble starch to test tube one, twenty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and ad twenty drops of distilled water to test tube three. Now, record the initial color of the contents of each tube in Table one. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each test tube, and rec ord the color after adding it in Table two.Place all three text tubes in a boiling water bath for three minutes. Remove the test tubes from the water bath using a test tube holder and place the test tubes in the test tube rack to cool, and record the color of each tube's contents in Table two. Rinse the contests down the sink, and proceed to clean with soap and the test tube brush. Dry and place the bubs into the bin. For the next test get two test tubes and label them one and two, then add forty drops of ethanol to test tube one and forty drops of distilled water to test tube two.Next, add ten drops of oil and a dropper to each test tube and stir well. Let the contents settle and record the results in Table four. Proceed to clean the tube normally. As another test label three test tubes as one, two, and three. Add sixty drops of gelatin to test tube one, sixty drops of glucose solution to test tube two, and sixty drops of distilled water to test tube three. Record the initial color of the contents n each tube in Table five. Now add twenty drops of Beirut reagent into each test tube and record the new color.Wash and dry the test tubes normally and place them into the bin. Starting a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube. In a new test tube, place three millimeters of water. Add forty drops of Benedicts solution to each tube and place both into a boiling water bath for five minutes. Record those results in Table six. As a new test, place three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeter of water into another test tube, as a control. Add forty drops of Logo's iodine to each tube and record data in Table six.With another test, add three millimeters of the urine sample in a test tube and three millimeters of water into another test tube. To each tube add forty drops of Beirut's solution and record the results in Table six. In the last testing procedure place a drop of the urine sample on a small piece of brown paper and drop of water on the other side of the paper. After allowing the paper to dry for a few minutes, hold the paper up to the light to observe if the spots re semi-transparent or not. Finish by recording the last results in Table six.

A Sociological Analysis Of The Blind Side - 1517 Words

Hayden Allis July 30, 2017 Sociology 101-L66 A Sociological Analysis of The Blind Side The Blind Side is a true story about a boy named Michael Oher who grew up in a very bad neighbor hood that was taken away from his mother at a young age. He was brought to a private school by his friend’s parents. The Tuohy family saw him walking in a storm found out he does not have a place to stay, so they took him in, fed him, then gave him a few new clothes. They then helped him get his grades up so he can play sports for his high school. Once they realized he was good enough to play for college, they hired a private tutor named Miss Sue, to get his GPA to a 2.5 so he is eligible for college scholarships. During this new path of†¦show more content†¦Latent Functions - The unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern (Henslin, 2015). When Michael first started at the private Christian school, he was treated as an outsider. Many people thought he was not very smart because he did not talk much and could not read very well. The teachers were s tereotyping him because they assumed he was not smart because he did not say anything and did not do any homework. Stereotype - a simplified description applied to every person in some category (Henslin, 2015). But they soon found out that he was smart enough to pass the classes, he just needed a little extra help and someone to read part of the assignments to him. Michael has many ascribed statuses. Ascribed Status - A social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life (Henslin, 2015). A couple of which is his role of brother and son, both in his old and new family. Any thing that Michael was born with, or involuntary receives is considered an ascribed status. The difference between ascribed and achieved status is simple; ascribed you cannot control, and achieved you can. Achieved Status - a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort (Henslin, 2015). The one big achieved status of Michael’s i s becoming a professional football player. He worked extremely hard to archived this goal. No one gaveShow MoreRelatedImmigration Perpectives in US1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent than their parents, socially or professional, children maturing into adults will bring a wide variety of cultural changes and differences that older generations struggle to understand and see as odd, possibly even dangerous. Max Weber’s sociological philosophy for analyzing different values, morals and lifestyles with a neutral view point could be considered the only way we can grow as a society, integrate different ways of life into the giant melting pot of our world and understand youngerRead MoreDr. Dodds, And Conroy s The Freedom Of The City1523 Words   |  7 PagesDodds and Conroy’s outsider status automatically gives them the ability to use critical distance, however both John Conroy, in his book Belfast Diary, and Dr Dodds, in Brian Friel’s The Freedom of the City, fail to use critical distance in their analysis of what is happening in Northern Ireland. Critical distance is defined as the introduction of a stranger into a society that is able to be detached from the society, and has the ability to recognize and empathize with all points of view within thatRead MoreThe Sociologist Stanley Cohen Define The Concept Moral Panics1501 Words   |  7 PagesHow did the sociologist Stanley Cohen define the concept moral panics? What, if any, is its continued relevance? Discuss with reference to sociological research. Natali Milligan (University of Glasgow) ‘Teen Jihadi â€Å"poster girl for the Islamic State† killed by group for trying to escape’ ‘Youth crime and punishment’ These headlines − from google news − are both explanatory in what Stanley Cohen meant in his definition of moral panics. Sociologist Stanley Cohen defines the concept of moral panicsRead MoreCanadas Justice System Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 Pages It’s a common belief that western nations believe that their own justice system is blind, and that all people are equal before the eyes of the law. Whether or not that’s true is an entirely different scenario. Canadians take pride in our open mind approach to and acceptance of all cultures, multiculturalism is what makes this Canada so unique and great. A closer in depth analysis into Canada’s justice system will show that their acceptance of all cultures did not leak Read MoreMerck and Company: The New Product Development Process1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe new product development process. Companies must identify specific needs of their clientele and create ideas for new products. Many times, a preliminary analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats is completed to determine needs. At Merck and Co., idea creation is usually the result of the identification of a sociological, epidemic, pandemic or common need (Merck and Company Research, Discovery and Development (n.d)). Merck and Co. then develops solutions to specific illnessesRead MoreThe Key Ideas of the Enlightenment Essay1865 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will be examining the key concepts of the ‘Enlightenment’ also known as â€Å"The Age of Reasonâ€Å" that occurred from the 16th and 17th century, before considering the manner in which it helped to shape the sociological v iew on societies and how it has linked to the birth of sociology. Before doing so I will give a brief historical context. All the profound questioning that emerged during the Enlightenment came out of the undermining of the old Catholic authority over all social truth thatRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagesrules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions, and includes the examination of the organization and development of human social life. The sociological field of interest ranges from the analysis of short contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social processes. Most sociologists work in one or more specialties or subfields. The meaning of the word comes from the suffix -logy whichRead MoreThe Myth Of Racial Americ Color Blind Racism3433 Words   |  14 Pages The Myth of ‘Post-racial’ America: Color-blind Racism in the Push to Repeal Affirmative Action in Higher Education By: Samantha L Bowden Dr. Bernd Reiter CPO 5934/LAS 6936: Race/Ethnicity/Nation December 2th, 2014 INTRODUCTION Across the sociological indicators, minorities, and especially blacks, â€Å"lag behind whites in the United States in terms of income, wealth, occupation and health status, educational attainment, and other relevant indicators† (Bonilla-SilviaRead MoreThe Sociology Of Knowledge5656 Words   |  23 PagesC. WrightMills et al. repeatedly complained that the sociology of knowledge failed to solve its centralproblem of specifying the nexus between social and cognitive structures. Nonetheless, this field has remained limited to techniques of content analysis and correlation studies whilefailing to explain these categories and correlations other than by recourse tofunctionalist truisms. Forthis reason, it is important to point to some of the fundamental reasons for this failure: not imperfect researchRead MoreSocial Institutions Are Universal And So Is Deviance3183 Words   |  13 Pagestheir structural core characteristics) and from the concrete organizational structures in the preceding situation; thus, they create the conditions for their own change. Hence, the study of processes of institutionalization has to start with the analysis of these general potentialities, that is, the general types of resources of the major institutional and cultural spheres and the possibilities (as well as the limits) of their variability. The institutionalization of concrete forms and patterns includes